Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck Finn was the main character. The story was told through his eyes, and most of the events that took place happened around him.   But some of these events would not have happened without other main characters as well, like Jim, Tom Sawyer, the King, or the Duke.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Huck’s personality at the start of the novel had changed gradually throughout the novel and until the end.   At first, Miss Watson tried to make him pray for things but Huck did not believe in praying because it brought him bad luck.   Later in the novel, Huck tries to pray for forgiveness and wants to erase his sin for stealing a nigger.   After he prays, he feels he can pray openly now and will not sin anymore (CH. 31).   Huck was also superstitious and believed that everything that went wrong was because of certain things he did, like the snake in Jim’s blanket.   And everything was blamed on the bad luck Huck and Jim had.   Huck also became kind, especially after the quarrel with his father, pap.   He learned that in order to get along with people (like the king and duke), you have to let them have their way, and Huck did.    Jim, at first, was looked upon as just an ordinary nigger.   But Huck and Tom soon realized that he was very smart and had helped Huck through most of his adventures.   But as a nigger, Jim was looked up to as a hero to other niggers.   For instance, Huck tells the reader when niggers from all over the country came to see Jim and hear of his heroic stories and every nigger wanted to be like Jim.   Jim was also very superstitious, especially in chapter eight when Jim talks about all of his superstitions, like counting the things for dinner and telling the bees that their owner had just died.   All of this supposedly brought bad luck.   Ã‚   Tom Sawyer was also a very influential character to the story.   He was the one who came up with all the solutions for things, which eventually made more of a disaster.   But that is because he followed stories too much.   For instance, in chapter 35, Jim is captured and Tom tries the most original and hardest way to get him out, thus creating more of a catastrophe.

Ferdinand de Saussure Essay

†¢The origin of Language †¢Features of Language †¢Knowledge of Language †¢Linguistics †¢Branches of Linguistics †¢Approaches to Linguistic Studies †¢Schools of Linguistics THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE †¢The divine source †¢The natural sound source o Primitive words o Cuckoo, splash, rattle, hiss, buzz oâ€Å"Bow-wow theory of language origin.† †¢The social interaction source †¢The physical adaptation source †¢The tool-making source †¢The genetic source oChild development à ¨ Automatic oDeaf children à ¨ Fluent users of sign language à ¨ innateness hypothesis oWe are born with a capacity for speaking/using language †¢(See Yule, Ch.1; Fromkin et al., Ch.6) MAJOR FEATURES OF HUMAN LANGUAGE 1-Communicative : function of language is to communicate 2-Vocal : human vocal organs are used 3-Human : sophisticated use of language is unique to human species 4-Social : it Ä ±s used by the members of a community 5-Natural : Ä ±t is a natural phenomena 6-Changeable : it can and will change trough time 7-Rule-governed : there are systematic rules in it. 8-Product of mind : it is the product of mental operation 9-Arbitrary : no systematic relationship between form and meaning 10-Creative : language is used creatively MINOR FEATURES OF LANGUAGE 1-Language , unless recorded, flies away the movement we speak it. 2-Self-talk is a form of language 3-We talk in our minds : inner speech 4-We can not help but to process and understand what we hear. 5-Language can be used by some to xert their power over others. 6-Language is used for cultural preservation and transmission . 7-Language is varied : not monolithic. 8-The direction of changes in language is not predictable. 9-Language is personal as well as social. 10-Language is a means for mental and social development. 11-Language is a predictor of social identity. 12-Language reveals patterns of how mind works. 13-All languages have the same potential for development KNOWLEDGE OF LANGUAGE †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"I know English.† †¢Produce individual sounds and combining them (Phonetics & Phonology); †¢Form and dividing words (Morphology); †¢Combine these words into phrases and sentences (Syntax); †¢Understand the meaning of words, phrases and utterances (Semantics); †¢Use the language appropriately in different contexts (Pragmatics). Language is an arbitrary and changeable set of vocal symbols which are cognitively formulated, and socially used for human natural communication. Linguistic knowledge is knowledge about language which is acquired unconsciously. LINGUISTICS †¢ Linguistics is the scientific or logical examination of any aspect and property of language including the influences of language on any sphere of life. BRANCHES OF LINGUISTICS †¢MICRO-LINGUISTICS ïÆ'ËœPhonetics (Fonetik) ïÆ'ËœPhonology (Ses Bilimi) ïÆ'ËœMorphology (Dil Bilimi) ïÆ'ËœSyntax (Sà ¶z dizimi) ïÆ'ËœSemantics (Anlam Bilim) †¢MACRO-LINGUISTICS ïÆ'ËœPragmatics ïÆ'ËœSociolinguistics ïÆ'ËœHistorical-linguistics ïÆ'ËœPsycholinguistics ïÆ'ËœNeurolinguistics ïÆ'ËœAnthropological Linguistics ïÆ'ËœApplied Linguistics APPROACHES TO LINGUISTIC STUDIES †¢Descriptive-Prescriptive †¢Diachronic-Synchronic †¢Reference Grammar †¢Teaching Grammar †¢Theoretical Grammar SCHOOLS OF LINGUISTICS Traditional Linguistics †¢Based on study of Latin †¢Applied to other languages, e.g. English, French †¢19th C. Jacob Grimm, Max Mà ¼ller, Henry Sweet Structural Linguistics †¢Ferdinand De Saussure †¢Linguistics features as abstract system governing speech †¢Langue and parole †¢While language is regarded as language system stored in the mind of its speakers, parole is conceived as the actual language behavior Transformational -Generative Grammar †¢Chomsky †¢Every language has a finite set of rules to produce infinite number of sentences; †¢ Phrase structure rules and generative rules; †¢Deep structure and surface structure; †¢Structure over meaning; †¢Competence and performance.

What is the Stakeholder Theory - 1083 Words

Stakeholder can be defined as â€Å"any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives†. This theory focuses on wider aspect rather than only focusing on just the shareholder. Stakeholder theory is a fundamental theory about how business works at its best and how it could work. It is concerning on the value creation and trade on how to manage a business effectively. A consequences of focusing on organization or company’s stakeholder is that the shareholder value itself can be enhanced and improved when a wider stakeholder group-such as employees, provider or credit, customers, suppliers government and the local community is taken into account (Mallin, 2011). This theory also related to†¦show more content†¦Simply moving operations from one part of the globe to another in the interest of shareholder value will not eventually solve the problems of increasing global-stakeholders problems. A board that pays less attention to the interests of its stakeholders cannot maximize its shareholder value. However in relation to company performance, this theory has made a number of key contributions. For example, by emphasizing on maintaining goodwill with stakeholders, the organization will have a much better business ethics. Stakeholder ideas will develop the corporate value statements as well as the boards role in creating corporate ethics codes, social and environmental reporting which reflect an acknowledgement of a wider set of corporate obligations beyond only on shareholder value. Another contribution related to the company performance can be found in Kaplan and Nortons (1992) ideas about the Balanced Scorecard and the revolution in performance measurement. This Balance Scorecard embodies key stakeholder interests in a firm specific set of measures which link important operational drivers to financial performance. It therefore provides managers with a way to explore the organization’s inter-dependencies between customers needs, and what the company must do in order to meet these needs and sustain competitive success. It has both an immediate performance focus as well as pointing to key areas for continuous improvement and innovation. From thisShow MoreRelatedStakeholder Theory Vs. Stakeholder Thinking1160 Words   |  5 PagesStakeholder theory and definition Stakeholder is defined as â€Å"any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organization’s objectives† (Freeman 1984). Stakeholder theory, when introduced in the 1980s, signify a major change in how relationships within a business might coexist and benefit one another. The concept of â€Å"Stakeholder theory† or â€Å"stakeholder thinking† is about identifying groups who are stakeholder in a corporation and manage them. 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